Linux 網路卡問題排錯 - IP

在 Linux/Unix 底下有幾個關於 IP 配置指令 :

ifconfig - 一般用於配置 IP , Netmask

# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1/24
# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        ether 00:50:b1:03:a1:00  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 321985  bytes 415032409 (395.8 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 185822  bytes 19749935 (18.8 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

route - 調整路由

# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         192.168.1.254   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0

ip - 跟 ip 有關係的都可以透過此指令

# ip route show
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0  proto static  metric 100
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.1  metric 100
# ip neigh show
192.168.1.254 dev eth0 lladdr 00:50:b1:03:a1:01 REACHABLE
# ip link show
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:b1:03:a1:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# ip rule show
0: from all lookup local
32766: from all lookup main
32767: from all lookup default

Linux 網路卡問題排錯 - 實體層

ethtool - 調整傳輸設定(定速, 全雙工/半雙工, 光功率診斷/設定, 無線網路強度診斷...)
# ethtool enp4s0f2
Settings for eth0:
 Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
 Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                         100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                         1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
 Supported pause frame use: No
 Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
 Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                         100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                         1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
 Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
 Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
 Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                      100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
 Link partner advertised pause frame use: Symmetric
 Link partner advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
 Speed: 100Mb/s
 Duplex: Full
 Port: MII
 PHYAD: 0
 Transceiver: internal
 Auto-negotiation: on
 Supports Wake-on: pumbg
 Wake-on: g
 Current message level: 0x00000033 (51)
          drv probe ifdown ifup
 Link detected: yes

mii-tool - 調整傳輸設定(定速, 更改 MAC, 更改允許速度)

# mii-tool -v enp4s0f2
enp4s0f2: negotiated 1000baseT-HD flow-control, link ok
  product info: vendor 00:07:32, model 17 rev 5
  basic mode:   autonegotiation enabled
  basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
  capabilities: 1000baseT-HD 1000baseT-FD 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
  advertising:  1000baseT-HD 1000baseT-FD 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
  link partner: 1000baseT-HD 1000baseT-FD 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD

Linux Ethernet Bonding 配置流程 - 前言2 , 配置極限

配置極限的原因有以下幾個 :

1. Hash : 會導致流量分配不均

例如傳統 EtherChannel 因為是透過 MAC 進行流量分配, 因此會有單數 MAC 分配到 A 網卡 , 雙數 MAC 分配到 B 網卡的情形 .

解決方法 : 將 Layer3, Layer4 和其他(VLAN ID)的相關的變數納入或是改用輪替模式.

2. 介面速度 : 線路品質, 網卡效能與支援

請參考 Physical Layer – Transmission Media CS442.

物理層依靠的是線路品質, 例如衰減跟干擾降低, 干擾因素愈少重傳的機會就愈少.
設備端收發晶片的敏感度和糾錯率愈高, 愈早能把東西傳出去.

3. 交換機與路由器的支援, 鏈路的整體速度 : 延遲時間

設備會將封包儲存然後轉傳 , 中間經過的時間長短會影響到效率 ; 等級愈高設備交換時間愈短 , 能忍受的封包數目愈高 .

新版 NVIDIA Optimus 啟用方法 (Intel + NVIDIA)

在傳統的環境底下, 僅會有單一獨立顯卡, 所以我們僅需要執行以下指令就會進行安裝

# apt-get install nvidia-driver

安裝之後因為設備特性的不同, 有些會同時有多張不同廠牌顯卡, 如 Intel + NVIDIA .
3D 加速的支援也不同.

所以我們還要安裝 NVIDIA Optimus support 的軟體

# apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

再把使用者加入 bumblebee 的群組

# gpasswd -a <使用者名稱> bumblebee 

再執行以下指令切換至 NVIDIA , 其中 vblank_mode=0 是關閉 XWindow 的垂直同步 ,
可以改善執行效能 , 可以避免遊戲反應遲鈍問題.

vblank_mode=0 optirun bash

啟用前

$ glxinfo
name of display: :0.0
display: :0  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
server glx vendor string: SGI
server glx version string: 1.4
server glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
    GLX_ARB_create_context_robustness, GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float,
    GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_ARB_multisample,
    GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile, GLX_EXT_create_context_es_profile,
    GLX_EXT_fbconfig_packed_float, GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB,
    GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap, GLX_EXT_visual_info,
    GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_INTEL_swap_event, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig,
    GLX_SGIX_pbuffer, GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_SGI_swap_control
client glx vendor string: Mesa Project and SGI
client glx version string: 1.4
client glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
    GLX_ARB_create_context_robustness, GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float,
    GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample,
    GLX_EXT_buffer_age, GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile,
    GLX_EXT_create_context_es_profile, GLX_EXT_fbconfig_packed_float,
    GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap, GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating,
    GLX_INTEL_swap_event, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_MESA_multithread_makecurrent, GLX_MESA_query_renderer,
    GLX_MESA_swap_control, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_OML_sync_control,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_SGI_make_current_read,
    GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync
GLX version: 1.4
GLX extensions:
    GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
    GLX_ARB_create_context_robustness, GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float,
    GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample,
    GLX_EXT_buffer_age, GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile,
    GLX_EXT_create_context_es_profile, GLX_EXT_fbconfig_packed_float,
    GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_EXT_import_context,
    GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap, GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating,
    GLX_INTEL_swap_event, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
    GLX_MESA_multithread_makecurrent, GLX_MESA_query_renderer,
    GLX_MESA_swap_control, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_OML_sync_control,
    GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_SGI_make_current_read,
    GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
    Vendor: Intel Open Source Technology Center (0x8086)
    Device: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Mobile  (0x166)
    Version: 11.2.2
    Accelerated: yes
    Video memory: 1536MB
    Unified memory: yes
    Preferred profile: core (0x1)
    Max core profile version: 3.3
    Max compat profile version: 3.0
    Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
    Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Mobile
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.2.2
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
    GL_3DFX_texture_compression_FXT1, GL_AMD_conservative_depth,
    GL_AMD_draw_buffers_blend, GL_AMD_performance_monitor,
    GL_AMD_seamless_cubemap_per_texture, GL_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax,
    GL_AMD_vertex_shader_layer, GL_AMD_vertex_shader_viewport_index,
    GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3, GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5,
    GL_APPLE_object_purgeable, GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility,
    GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility, GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays, GL_ARB_base_instance,
    GL_ARB_blend_func_extended, GL_ARB_buffer_storage,
    GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, GL_ARB_clear_texture, GL_ARB_clip_control,
    GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage, GL_ARB_compute_shader,
    GL_ARB_conditional_render_inverted, GL_ARB_conservative_depth,
    GL_ARB_copy_buffer, GL_ARB_copy_image, GL_ARB_debug_output,
    GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float, GL_ARB_depth_clamp, GL_ARB_derivative_control,
    GL_ARB_direct_state_access, GL_ARB_draw_buffers,
    GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend, GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex,
    GL_ARB_draw_indirect, GL_ARB_draw_instanced,
    GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location, GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location,
    GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions, GL_ARB_fragment_layer_viewport,
    GL_ARB_fragment_shader, GL_ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments,
    GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB,
    GL_ARB_get_program_binary, GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image,
    GL_ARB_gpu_shader5, GL_ARB_half_float_pixel, GL_ARB_half_float_vertex,
    GL_ARB_instanced_arrays, GL_ARB_internalformat_query,
    GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata, GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment,
    GL_ARB_map_buffer_range, GL_ARB_multi_bind, GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect,
    GL_ARB_occlusion_query2, GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query,
    GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object, GL_ARB_point_sprite,
    GL_ARB_program_interface_query, GL_ARB_provoking_vertex,
    GL_ARB_robustness, GL_ARB_sample_shading, GL_ARB_sampler_objects,
    GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map, GL_ARB_seamless_cubemap_per_texture,
    GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects, GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counters,
    GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding, GL_ARB_shader_clock,
    GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters, GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store,
    GL_ARB_shader_image_size, GL_ARB_shader_objects,
    GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, GL_ARB_shader_subroutine,
    GL_ARB_shader_texture_image_samples, GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod,
    GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack, GL_ARB_shading_language_packing,
    GL_ARB_sync, GL_ARB_tessellation_shader, GL_ARB_texture_barrier,
    GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object, GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object_rgb32,
    GL_ARB_texture_buffer_range, GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc,
    GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc, GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array,
    GL_ARB_texture_float, GL_ARB_texture_gather,
    GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge, GL_ARB_texture_multisample,
    GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two, GL_ARB_texture_query_levels,
    GL_ARB_texture_query_lod, GL_ARB_texture_rectangle, GL_ARB_texture_rg,
    GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui, GL_ARB_texture_storage,
    GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample, GL_ARB_texture_swizzle,
    GL_ARB_texture_view, GL_ARB_timer_query, GL_ARB_transform_feedback2,
    GL_ARB_transform_feedback3, GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced,
    GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object, GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_ARB_vertex_array_object, GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding,
    GL_ARB_vertex_shader, GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev,
    GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev, GL_ARB_viewport_array,
    GL_ATI_blend_equation_separate, GL_ATI_texture_float, GL_EXT_abgr,
    GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate, GL_EXT_draw_buffers2,
    GL_EXT_draw_instanced, GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample, GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil, GL_EXT_packed_float,
    GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object, GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp,
    GL_EXT_provoking_vertex, GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
    GL_EXT_shader_samples_identical, GL_EXT_texture_array,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1, GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc, GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic,
    GL_EXT_texture_integer, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode,
    GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent, GL_EXT_texture_snorm,
    GL_EXT_texture_swizzle, GL_EXT_timer_query, GL_EXT_transform_feedback,
    GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra, GL_IBM_multimode_draw_arrays,
    GL_INTEL_performance_query, GL_KHR_context_flush_control, GL_KHR_debug,
    GL_MESA_pack_invert, GL_MESA_texture_signed_rgba,
    GL_NV_conditional_render, GL_NV_depth_clamp, GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil,
    GL_NV_texture_barrier, GL_OES_EGL_image, GL_OES_read_format, GL_S3_s3tc
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.2
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL extensions:
    GL_3DFX_texture_compression_FXT1, GL_AMD_conservative_depth,
    GL_AMD_draw_buffers_blend, GL_AMD_performance_monitor,
    GL_AMD_seamless_cubemap_per_texture, GL_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax,
    GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3, GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5,
    GL_APPLE_object_purgeable, GL_APPLE_packed_pixels,
    GL_APPLE_vertex_array_object, GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility,
    GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility, GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays,
    GL_ARB_blend_func_extended, GL_ARB_buffer_storage,
    GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, GL_ARB_clear_texture, GL_ARB_clip_control,
    GL_ARB_color_buffer_float, GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage,
    GL_ARB_conditional_render_inverted, GL_ARB_conservative_depth,
    GL_ARB_copy_buffer, GL_ARB_copy_image, GL_ARB_debug_output,
    GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float, GL_ARB_depth_clamp, GL_ARB_depth_texture,
    GL_ARB_derivative_control, GL_ARB_draw_buffers, GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend,
    GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex, GL_ARB_draw_instanced,
    GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location, GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location,
    GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions, GL_ARB_fragment_program,
    GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow, GL_ARB_fragment_shader,
    GL_ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments, GL_ARB_framebuffer_object,
    GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GL_ARB_get_program_binary,
    GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image, GL_ARB_half_float_pixel,
    GL_ARB_half_float_vertex, GL_ARB_instanced_arrays,
    GL_ARB_internalformat_query, GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata,
    GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment, GL_ARB_map_buffer_range, GL_ARB_multi_bind,
    GL_ARB_multisample, GL_ARB_multitexture, GL_ARB_occlusion_query,
    GL_ARB_occlusion_query2, GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query,
    GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object, GL_ARB_point_parameters, GL_ARB_point_sprite,
    GL_ARB_program_interface_query, GL_ARB_provoking_vertex,
    GL_ARB_robustness, GL_ARB_sample_shading, GL_ARB_sampler_objects,
    GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map, GL_ARB_seamless_cubemap_per_texture,
    GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects, GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counters,
    GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding, GL_ARB_shader_clock,
    GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters, GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store,
    GL_ARB_shader_image_size, GL_ARB_shader_objects,
    GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, GL_ARB_shader_texture_image_samples,
    GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod, GL_ARB_shading_language_100,
    GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack, GL_ARB_shading_language_packing,
    GL_ARB_shadow, GL_ARB_sync, GL_ARB_texture_barrier,
    GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp, GL_ARB_texture_compression,
    GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc, GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc,
    GL_ARB_texture_cube_map, GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_add, GL_ARB_texture_env_combine,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar, GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3,
    GL_ARB_texture_float, GL_ARB_texture_gather,
    GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge, GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat,
    GL_ARB_texture_multisample, GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two,
    GL_ARB_texture_query_levels, GL_ARB_texture_query_lod,
    GL_ARB_texture_rectangle, GL_ARB_texture_rg, GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui,
    GL_ARB_texture_storage, GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample,
    GL_ARB_texture_swizzle, GL_ARB_texture_view, GL_ARB_timer_query,
    GL_ARB_transform_feedback2, GL_ARB_transform_feedback3,
    GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced, GL_ARB_transpose_matrix,
    GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object, GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_ARB_vertex_array_object, GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding,
    GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object, GL_ARB_vertex_program, GL_ARB_vertex_shader,
    GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev, GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev,
    GL_ARB_window_pos, GL_ATI_blend_equation_separate, GL_ATI_draw_buffers,
    GL_ATI_separate_stencil, GL_ATI_texture_env_combine3,
    GL_ATI_texture_float, GL_EXT_abgr, GL_EXT_bgra, GL_EXT_blend_color,
    GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate, GL_EXT_blend_func_separate,
    GL_EXT_blend_minmax, GL_EXT_blend_subtract, GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array,
    GL_EXT_copy_texture, GL_EXT_draw_buffers2, GL_EXT_draw_instanced,
    GL_EXT_draw_range_elements, GL_EXT_fog_coord, GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample, GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_object, GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB,
    GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters, GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays,
    GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil, GL_EXT_packed_float, GL_EXT_packed_pixels,
    GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object, GL_EXT_point_parameters,
    GL_EXT_polygon_offset, GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp,
    GL_EXT_provoking_vertex, GL_EXT_rescale_normal, GL_EXT_secondary_color,
    GL_EXT_separate_specular_color, GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
    GL_EXT_shader_samples_identical, GL_EXT_shadow_funcs,
    GL_EXT_stencil_two_side, GL_EXT_stencil_wrap, GL_EXT_subtexture,
    GL_EXT_texture, GL_EXT_texture3D, GL_EXT_texture_array,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1, GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc, GL_EXT_texture_cube_map,
    GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp, GL_EXT_texture_env_add,
    GL_EXT_texture_env_combine, GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3,
    GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic, GL_EXT_texture_integer,
    GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias, GL_EXT_texture_object, GL_EXT_texture_rectangle,
    GL_EXT_texture_sRGB, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode,
    GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent, GL_EXT_texture_snorm,
    GL_EXT_texture_swizzle, GL_EXT_timer_query, GL_EXT_transform_feedback,
    GL_EXT_vertex_array, GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_IBM_multimode_draw_arrays, GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip,
    GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat, GL_INGR_blend_func_separate,
    GL_INTEL_performance_query, GL_KHR_context_flush_control, GL_KHR_debug,
    GL_MESA_pack_invert, GL_MESA_texture_signed_rgba, GL_MESA_window_pos,
    GL_NV_blend_square, GL_NV_conditional_render, GL_NV_depth_clamp,
    GL_NV_light_max_exponent, GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil,
    GL_NV_primitive_restart, GL_NV_texgen_reflection, GL_NV_texture_barrier,
    GL_NV_texture_env_combine4, GL_NV_texture_rectangle, GL_OES_EGL_image,
    GL_OES_read_format, GL_S3_s3tc, GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap,
    GL_SGIS_texture_border_clamp, GL_SGIS_texture_edge_clamp,
    GL_SGIS_texture_lod, GL_SUN_multi_draw_arrays
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 11.2.2
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00
OpenGL ES profile extensions:
    GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3, GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5,
    GL_APPLE_texture_max_level, GL_EXT_blend_func_extended,
    GL_EXT_blend_minmax, GL_EXT_color_buffer_float,
    GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer, GL_EXT_draw_buffers,
    GL_EXT_draw_elements_base_vertex, GL_EXT_map_buffer_range,
    GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays, GL_EXT_read_format_bgra,
    GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects, GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1, GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic,
    GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888, GL_EXT_texture_rg,
    GL_EXT_texture_type_2_10_10_10_REV, GL_EXT_unpack_subimage,
    GL_INTEL_performance_query, GL_KHR_context_flush_control, GL_KHR_debug,
    GL_NV_draw_buffers, GL_NV_fbo_color_attachments, GL_NV_read_buffer,
    GL_NV_read_depth, GL_NV_read_depth_stencil, GL_NV_read_stencil,
    GL_OES_EGL_image, GL_OES_EGL_image_external, GL_OES_EGL_sync,
    GL_OES_compressed_ETC1_RGB8_texture, GL_OES_depth24, GL_OES_depth_texture,
    GL_OES_depth_texture_cube_map, GL_OES_draw_elements_base_vertex,
    GL_OES_element_index_uint, GL_OES_fbo_render_mipmap,
    GL_OES_get_program_binary, GL_OES_mapbuffer, GL_OES_packed_depth_stencil,
    GL_OES_rgb8_rgba8, GL_OES_standard_derivatives, GL_OES_stencil8,
    GL_OES_surfaceless_context, GL_OES_texture_3D, GL_OES_texture_float,
    GL_OES_texture_float_linear, GL_OES_texture_half_float,
    GL_OES_texture_half_float_linear, GL_OES_texture_npot,
    GL_OES_vertex_array_object
40 GLX Visuals
    visual  x   bf lv rg d st  colorbuffer  sr ax dp st accumbuffer  ms  cav
  id dep cl sp  sz l  ci b ro  r  g  b  a F gb bf th cl  r  g  b  a ns b eat
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
...
64 GLXFBConfigs:
    visual  x   bf lv rg d st  colorbuffer  sr ax dp st accumbuffer  ms  cav
  id dep cl sp  sz l  ci b ro  r  g  b  a F gb bf th cl  r  g  b  a ns b eat
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
...

啟用後

$ glxinfo
name of display: :0.0
ATTENTION: default value of option vblank_mode overridden by environment.
ATTENTION: default value of option vblank_mode overridden by environment.
display: :0  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
server glx vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
server glx version string: 1.4
server glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_context_flush_control, GLX_ARB_create_context,
    GLX_ARB_create_context_profile, GLX_ARB_create_context_robustness,
    GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float, GLX_ARB_multisample, GLX_EXT_buffer_age,
    GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile, GLX_EXT_create_context_es_profile,
    GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_EXT_stereo_tree, GLX_EXT_swap_control,
    GLX_EXT_swap_control_tear, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap,
    GLX_EXT_visual_info, GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_NV_copy_image,
    GLX_NV_delay_before_swap, GLX_NV_float_buffer,
    GLX_NV_multisample_coverage, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
    GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync
client glx vendor string: primus
client glx version string: 1.4
client glx extensions:
    GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
    GLX_ARB_get_proc_address
GLX version: 1.4
GLX extensions:
    GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
    GLX_ARB_get_proc_address
OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GT 720M/PCIe/SSE2
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5.0 NVIDIA 352.79
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50 NVIDIA
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
    GL_AMD_multi_draw_indirect, GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility,
    GL_ARB_ES3_1_compatibility, GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility,
    GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays, GL_ARB_base_instance, GL_ARB_blend_func_extended,
    GL_ARB_buffer_storage, GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, GL_ARB_clear_texture,
    GL_ARB_clip_control, GL_ARB_color_buffer_float,
    GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage, GL_ARB_compute_shader,
    GL_ARB_compute_variable_group_size, GL_ARB_conditional_render_inverted,
    GL_ARB_conservative_depth, GL_ARB_copy_buffer, GL_ARB_copy_image,
    GL_ARB_cull_distance, GL_ARB_debug_output, GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float,
    GL_ARB_depth_clamp, GL_ARB_depth_texture, GL_ARB_derivative_control,
    GL_ARB_direct_state_access, GL_ARB_draw_buffers,
    GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend, GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex,
    GL_ARB_draw_indirect, GL_ARB_draw_instanced, GL_ARB_enhanced_layouts,
    GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location, GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location,
    GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions, GL_ARB_fragment_layer_viewport,
    GL_ARB_fragment_program, GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow,
    GL_ARB_fragment_shader, GL_ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments,
    GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB,
    GL_ARB_geometry_shader4, GL_ARB_get_program_binary,
    GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image, GL_ARB_gpu_shader5, GL_ARB_gpu_shader_fp64,
    GL_ARB_half_float_pixel, GL_ARB_half_float_vertex, GL_ARB_imaging,
    GL_ARB_indirect_parameters, GL_ARB_instanced_arrays,
    GL_ARB_internalformat_query, GL_ARB_internalformat_query2,
    GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata, GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment,
    GL_ARB_map_buffer_range, GL_ARB_multi_bind, GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect,
    GL_ARB_multisample, GL_ARB_multitexture, GL_ARB_occlusion_query,
    GL_ARB_occlusion_query2, GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query,
    GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object, GL_ARB_point_parameters, GL_ARB_point_sprite,
    GL_ARB_program_interface_query, GL_ARB_provoking_vertex,
    GL_ARB_query_buffer_object, GL_ARB_robust_buffer_access_behavior,
    GL_ARB_robustness, GL_ARB_sample_shading, GL_ARB_sampler_objects,
    GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map, GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects,
    GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counters, GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding,
    GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters, GL_ARB_shader_group_vote,
    GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store, GL_ARB_shader_image_size,
    GL_ARB_shader_objects, GL_ARB_shader_precision,
    GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, GL_ARB_shader_subroutine,
    GL_ARB_shader_texture_image_samples, GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod,
    GL_ARB_shading_language_100, GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack,
    GL_ARB_shading_language_include, GL_ARB_shading_language_packing,
    GL_ARB_shadow, GL_ARB_sparse_buffer, GL_ARB_sparse_texture,
    GL_ARB_stencil_texturing, GL_ARB_sync, GL_ARB_tessellation_shader,
    GL_ARB_texture_barrier, GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp,
    GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object, GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object_rgb32,
    GL_ARB_texture_buffer_range, GL_ARB_texture_compression,
    GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc, GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc,
    GL_ARB_texture_cube_map, GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_add, GL_ARB_texture_env_combine,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar, GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3,
    GL_ARB_texture_float, GL_ARB_texture_gather,
    GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge, GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat,
    GL_ARB_texture_multisample, GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two,
    GL_ARB_texture_query_levels, GL_ARB_texture_query_lod,
    GL_ARB_texture_rectangle, GL_ARB_texture_rg, GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui,
    GL_ARB_texture_stencil8, GL_ARB_texture_storage,
    GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample, GL_ARB_texture_swizzle,
    GL_ARB_texture_view, GL_ARB_timer_query, GL_ARB_transform_feedback2,
    GL_ARB_transform_feedback3, GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced,
    GL_ARB_transform_feedback_overflow_query, GL_ARB_transpose_matrix,
    GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object, GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_ARB_vertex_array_object, GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_64bit,
    GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding, GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object,
    GL_ARB_vertex_program, GL_ARB_vertex_shader,
    GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev, GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev,
    GL_ARB_viewport_array, GL_ARB_window_pos, GL_ATI_draw_buffers,
    GL_ATI_texture_float, GL_ATI_texture_mirror_once,
    GL_EXTX_framebuffer_mixed_formats, GL_EXT_Cg_shader, GL_EXT_abgr,
    GL_EXT_bgra, GL_EXT_bindable_uniform, GL_EXT_blend_color,
    GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate, GL_EXT_blend_func_separate,
    GL_EXT_blend_minmax, GL_EXT_blend_subtract, GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array,
    GL_EXT_depth_bounds_test, GL_EXT_direct_state_access,
    GL_EXT_draw_buffers2, GL_EXT_draw_instanced, GL_EXT_draw_range_elements,
    GL_EXT_fog_coord, GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit, GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled, GL_EXT_framebuffer_object,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GL_EXT_geometry_shader4,
    GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters, GL_EXT_gpu_shader4,
    GL_EXT_import_sync_object, GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays,
    GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil, GL_EXT_packed_float, GL_EXT_packed_pixels,
    GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object, GL_EXT_point_parameters,
    GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp, GL_EXT_provoking_vertex,
    GL_EXT_rescale_normal, GL_EXT_secondary_color,
    GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects, GL_EXT_separate_specular_color,
    GL_EXT_shader_image_load_store, GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
    GL_EXT_shadow_funcs, GL_EXT_stencil_two_side, GL_EXT_stencil_wrap,
    GL_EXT_texture3D, GL_EXT_texture_array, GL_EXT_texture_buffer_object,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1, GL_EXT_texture_compression_latc,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc, GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc,
    GL_EXT_texture_cube_map, GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp,
    GL_EXT_texture_env_add, GL_EXT_texture_env_combine,
    GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3, GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic,
    GL_EXT_texture_integer, GL_EXT_texture_lod, GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias,
    GL_EXT_texture_mirror_clamp, GL_EXT_texture_object, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB,
    GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode, GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent,
    GL_EXT_texture_storage, GL_EXT_texture_swizzle, GL_EXT_timer_query,
    GL_EXT_transform_feedback2, GL_EXT_vertex_array, GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_EXT_vertex_attrib_64bit, GL_EXT_x11_sync_object, GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip,
    GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat, GL_KHR_blend_equation_advanced,
    GL_KHR_context_flush_control, GL_KHR_debug,
    GL_KHR_robust_buffer_access_behavior, GL_KHR_robustness,
    GL_KTX_buffer_region, GL_NVX_conditional_render, GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info,
    GL_NV_ES1_1_compatibility, GL_NV_ES3_1_compatibility,
    GL_NV_bindless_multi_draw_indirect,
    GL_NV_bindless_multi_draw_indirect_count, GL_NV_blend_equation_advanced,
    GL_NV_blend_square, GL_NV_command_list, GL_NV_compute_program5,
    GL_NV_conditional_render, GL_NV_copy_depth_to_color, GL_NV_copy_image,
    GL_NV_depth_buffer_float, GL_NV_depth_clamp, GL_NV_draw_texture,
    GL_NV_explicit_multisample, GL_NV_fence, GL_NV_float_buffer,
    GL_NV_fog_distance, GL_NV_fragment_program, GL_NV_fragment_program2,
    GL_NV_fragment_program_option, GL_NV_framebuffer_multisample_coverage,
    GL_NV_geometry_shader4, GL_NV_gpu_program4, GL_NV_gpu_program4_1,
    GL_NV_gpu_program5, GL_NV_gpu_program5_mem_extended,
    GL_NV_gpu_program_fp64, GL_NV_gpu_shader5, GL_NV_half_float,
    GL_NV_internalformat_sample_query, GL_NV_light_max_exponent,
    GL_NV_multisample_coverage, GL_NV_multisample_filter_hint,
    GL_NV_occlusion_query, GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil,
    GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object, GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object2,
    GL_NV_path_rendering, GL_NV_pixel_data_range, GL_NV_point_sprite,
    GL_NV_primitive_restart, GL_NV_register_combiners,
    GL_NV_register_combiners2, GL_NV_shader_atomic_counters,
    GL_NV_shader_atomic_float, GL_NV_shader_buffer_load,
    GL_NV_shader_storage_buffer_object, GL_NV_shader_thread_group,
    GL_NV_texgen_reflection, GL_NV_texture_barrier,
    GL_NV_texture_compression_vtc, GL_NV_texture_env_combine4,
    GL_NV_texture_multisample, GL_NV_texture_rectangle, GL_NV_texture_shader,
    GL_NV_texture_shader2, GL_NV_texture_shader3, GL_NV_transform_feedback,
    GL_NV_transform_feedback2, GL_NV_uniform_buffer_unified_memory,
    GL_NV_vdpau_interop, GL_NV_vertex_array_range, GL_NV_vertex_array_range2,
    GL_NV_vertex_attrib_integer_64bit, GL_NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory,
    GL_NV_vertex_program, GL_NV_vertex_program1_1, GL_NV_vertex_program2,
    GL_NV_vertex_program2_option, GL_NV_vertex_program3, GL_S3_s3tc,
    GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap, GL_SGIS_texture_lod, GL_SGIX_depth_texture,
    GL_SGIX_shadow, GL_SUN_slice_accum
OpenGL version string: 4.5.0 NVIDIA 352.79
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.50 NVIDIA
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL profile mask: (none)
OpenGL extensions:
    GL_AMD_multi_draw_indirect, GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility,
    GL_ARB_ES3_1_compatibility, GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility,
    GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays, GL_ARB_base_instance, GL_ARB_blend_func_extended,
    GL_ARB_buffer_storage, GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, GL_ARB_clear_texture,
    GL_ARB_clip_control, GL_ARB_color_buffer_float, GL_ARB_compatibility,
    GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage, GL_ARB_compute_shader,
    GL_ARB_compute_variable_group_size, GL_ARB_conditional_render_inverted,
    GL_ARB_conservative_depth, GL_ARB_copy_buffer, GL_ARB_copy_image,
    GL_ARB_cull_distance, GL_ARB_debug_output, GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float,
    GL_ARB_depth_clamp, GL_ARB_depth_texture, GL_ARB_derivative_control,
    GL_ARB_direct_state_access, GL_ARB_draw_buffers,
    GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend, GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex,
    GL_ARB_draw_indirect, GL_ARB_draw_instanced, GL_ARB_enhanced_layouts,
    GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location, GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location,
    GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions, GL_ARB_fragment_layer_viewport,
    GL_ARB_fragment_program, GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow,
    GL_ARB_fragment_shader, GL_ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments,
    GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB,
    GL_ARB_geometry_shader4, GL_ARB_get_program_binary,
    GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image, GL_ARB_gpu_shader5, GL_ARB_gpu_shader_fp64,
    GL_ARB_half_float_pixel, GL_ARB_half_float_vertex, GL_ARB_imaging,
    GL_ARB_indirect_parameters, GL_ARB_instanced_arrays,
    GL_ARB_internalformat_query, GL_ARB_internalformat_query2,
    GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata, GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment,
    GL_ARB_map_buffer_range, GL_ARB_multi_bind, GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect,
    GL_ARB_multisample, GL_ARB_multitexture, GL_ARB_occlusion_query,
    GL_ARB_occlusion_query2, GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query,
    GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object, GL_ARB_point_parameters, GL_ARB_point_sprite,
    GL_ARB_program_interface_query, GL_ARB_provoking_vertex,
    GL_ARB_query_buffer_object, GL_ARB_robust_buffer_access_behavior,
    GL_ARB_robustness, GL_ARB_sample_shading, GL_ARB_sampler_objects,
    GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map, GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects,
    GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counters, GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding,
    GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters, GL_ARB_shader_group_vote,
    GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store, GL_ARB_shader_image_size,
    GL_ARB_shader_objects, GL_ARB_shader_precision,
    GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, GL_ARB_shader_subroutine,
    GL_ARB_shader_texture_image_samples, GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod,
    GL_ARB_shading_language_100, GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack,
    GL_ARB_shading_language_include, GL_ARB_shading_language_packing,
    GL_ARB_shadow, GL_ARB_sparse_buffer, GL_ARB_sparse_texture,
    GL_ARB_stencil_texturing, GL_ARB_sync, GL_ARB_tessellation_shader,
    GL_ARB_texture_barrier, GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp,
    GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object, GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object_rgb32,
    GL_ARB_texture_buffer_range, GL_ARB_texture_compression,
    GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc, GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc,
    GL_ARB_texture_cube_map, GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_add, GL_ARB_texture_env_combine,
    GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar, GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3,
    GL_ARB_texture_float, GL_ARB_texture_gather,
    GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge, GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat,
    GL_ARB_texture_multisample, GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two,
    GL_ARB_texture_query_levels, GL_ARB_texture_query_lod,
    GL_ARB_texture_rectangle, GL_ARB_texture_rg, GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui,
    GL_ARB_texture_stencil8, GL_ARB_texture_storage,
    GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample, GL_ARB_texture_swizzle,
    GL_ARB_texture_view, GL_ARB_timer_query, GL_ARB_transform_feedback2,
    GL_ARB_transform_feedback3, GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced,
    GL_ARB_transform_feedback_overflow_query, GL_ARB_transpose_matrix,
    GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object, GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_ARB_vertex_array_object, GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_64bit,
    GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding, GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object,
    GL_ARB_vertex_program, GL_ARB_vertex_shader,
    GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev, GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev,
    GL_ARB_viewport_array, GL_ARB_window_pos, GL_ATI_draw_buffers,
    GL_ATI_texture_float, GL_ATI_texture_mirror_once,
    GL_EXTX_framebuffer_mixed_formats, GL_EXT_Cg_shader, GL_EXT_abgr,
    GL_EXT_bgra, GL_EXT_bindable_uniform, GL_EXT_blend_color,
    GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate, GL_EXT_blend_func_separate,
    GL_EXT_blend_minmax, GL_EXT_blend_subtract, GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array,
    GL_EXT_depth_bounds_test, GL_EXT_direct_state_access,
    GL_EXT_draw_buffers2, GL_EXT_draw_instanced, GL_EXT_draw_range_elements,
    GL_EXT_fog_coord, GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit, GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled, GL_EXT_framebuffer_object,
    GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, GL_EXT_geometry_shader4,
    GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters, GL_EXT_gpu_shader4,
    GL_EXT_import_sync_object, GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays,
    GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil, GL_EXT_packed_float, GL_EXT_packed_pixels,
    GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object, GL_EXT_point_parameters,
    GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp, GL_EXT_provoking_vertex,
    GL_EXT_rescale_normal, GL_EXT_secondary_color,
    GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects, GL_EXT_separate_specular_color,
    GL_EXT_shader_image_load_store, GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
    GL_EXT_shadow_funcs, GL_EXT_stencil_two_side, GL_EXT_stencil_wrap,
    GL_EXT_texture3D, GL_EXT_texture_array, GL_EXT_texture_buffer_object,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1, GL_EXT_texture_compression_latc,
    GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc, GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc,
    GL_EXT_texture_cube_map, GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp,
    GL_EXT_texture_env_add, GL_EXT_texture_env_combine,
    GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3, GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic,
    GL_EXT_texture_integer, GL_EXT_texture_lod, GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias,
    GL_EXT_texture_mirror_clamp, GL_EXT_texture_object, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB,
    GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode, GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent,
    GL_EXT_texture_storage, GL_EXT_texture_swizzle, GL_EXT_timer_query,
    GL_EXT_transform_feedback2, GL_EXT_vertex_array, GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra,
    GL_EXT_vertex_attrib_64bit, GL_EXT_x11_sync_object, GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip,
    GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat, GL_KHR_blend_equation_advanced,
    GL_KHR_context_flush_control, GL_KHR_debug,
    GL_KHR_robust_buffer_access_behavior, GL_KHR_robustness,
    GL_KTX_buffer_region, GL_NVX_conditional_render, GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info,
    GL_NV_ES1_1_compatibility, GL_NV_ES3_1_compatibility,
    GL_NV_bindless_multi_draw_indirect,
    GL_NV_bindless_multi_draw_indirect_count, GL_NV_blend_equation_advanced,
    GL_NV_blend_square, GL_NV_command_list, GL_NV_compute_program5,
    GL_NV_conditional_render, GL_NV_copy_depth_to_color, GL_NV_copy_image,
    GL_NV_depth_buffer_float, GL_NV_depth_clamp, GL_NV_draw_texture,
    GL_NV_explicit_multisample, GL_NV_fence, GL_NV_float_buffer,
    GL_NV_fog_distance, GL_NV_fragment_program, GL_NV_fragment_program2,
    GL_NV_fragment_program_option, GL_NV_framebuffer_multisample_coverage,
    GL_NV_geometry_shader4, GL_NV_gpu_program4, GL_NV_gpu_program4_1,
    GL_NV_gpu_program5, GL_NV_gpu_program5_mem_extended,
    GL_NV_gpu_program_fp64, GL_NV_gpu_shader5, GL_NV_half_float,
    GL_NV_internalformat_sample_query, GL_NV_light_max_exponent,
    GL_NV_multisample_coverage, GL_NV_multisample_filter_hint,
    GL_NV_occlusion_query, GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil,
    GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object, GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object2,
    GL_NV_path_rendering, GL_NV_pixel_data_range, GL_NV_point_sprite,
    GL_NV_primitive_restart, GL_NV_register_combiners,
    GL_NV_register_combiners2, GL_NV_shader_atomic_counters,
    GL_NV_shader_atomic_float, GL_NV_shader_buffer_load,
    GL_NV_shader_storage_buffer_object, GL_NV_shader_thread_group,
    GL_NV_texgen_reflection, GL_NV_texture_barrier,
    GL_NV_texture_compression_vtc, GL_NV_texture_env_combine4,
    GL_NV_texture_multisample, GL_NV_texture_rectangle, GL_NV_texture_shader,
    GL_NV_texture_shader2, GL_NV_texture_shader3, GL_NV_transform_feedback,
    GL_NV_transform_feedback2, GL_NV_uniform_buffer_unified_memory,
    GL_NV_vdpau_interop, GL_NV_vertex_array_range, GL_NV_vertex_array_range2,
    GL_NV_vertex_attrib_integer_64bit, GL_NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory,
    GL_NV_vertex_program, GL_NV_vertex_program1_1, GL_NV_vertex_program2,
    GL_NV_vertex_program2_option, GL_NV_vertex_program3, GL_S3_s3tc,
    GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap, GL_SGIS_texture_lod, GL_SGIX_depth_texture,
    GL_SGIX_shadow, GL_SUN_slice_accum
40 GLX Visuals
    visual  x   bf lv rg d st  colorbuffer  sr ax dp st accumbuffer  ms  cav
  id dep cl sp  sz l  ci b ro  r  g  b  a F gb bf th cl  r  g  b  a ns b eat
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
...
311 GLXFBConfigs:
    visual  x   bf lv rg d st  colorbuffer  sr ax dp st accumbuffer  ms  cav
  id dep cl sp  sz l  ci b ro  r  g  b  a F gb bf th cl  r  g  b  a ns b eat
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
...

Linux Ethernet Bonding 配置流程 - 前言 , 模式與Hash

前言

何謂 Bonding , 簡單而言就是將兩張以上的網路介面捆綁一起使用 .
根據 Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO 上的說明, 有以下幾種模式 :

1. Active-Backup 或稱備援模式 (mode 1), 在此模式下僅有一條連結可以可以使用 , 當其中一條介面異常時 , 會將流量切換至另外一條送出 .
2. balance-rr 或稱輪替模式 (mode 0), 此模式下每條線路都會送出 , 不過此模式不被大部分的交換機支援 , 多用於非網管型交換機跟 Hub , 部份設備可以使用 EtherChannel .
3. balance-xor 或稱傳統鏈路聚合模式 (mode 2) , 此模式下會透過 MAC 的 Hash (Source XOR Destination) , 在交換機部份被稱為 EtherChannel (Cisco) , Link AGgregation (Juniper and others) , 不會偵測兩邊是否正常收發 .
4. Broadcast (mode 3) , 此時會將流量同時從多的介面廣播出去 .
5. 802.3ad , LACP , Dynamic LAG (mode 4) , 動態鏈路聚合模式 , 此模式下會透過 LACPDU 封包偵測 , 使得兩邊交握完成後才會開始傳輸 , 再透過 Hash 將流量導入不同介面 . 用此功能時需注意 , 介面的速率與多工模式需相同 , 上限最多為 8 個介面 .
6. balance-tlb (mode 5) , 將對外流量透過不同的 MAC 和介面送出 , 而進來的介面宣告為其中一固定介面 , 用於保障資料送出 .
7. balance-alb (mode 6) , 透過 MAC 與 ARP 的複寫將進出流量導至不同介面.

Hash (xmit_hash_policy) 的方法有以下幾種 :

1. Layer2 : Source MAC XOR Destination MAC XOR Packet type ID slave number
2. Layer2+3 : 做完 Layer2 Hash 之後再 XOR Source IP XOR Destination IP
3. Layer3+4 : Source Port OR Destination Port , 再 XOR Source IP XOR Destination IP
4. Encap2+3 & Encap3+4 : 類似之前兩種但是提供給有額外封裝使用.

早期 2.6.3 僅支援 Layer2 Hash , 但要到 3.2.2 以後版本才能提供 layer2+3 .

LACP 則建議要到 3.4 以後版本再使用, 在之前有 RX Drop 的 Bug .

Install Starcraft 2 , Lecacy of the void on Debian Linux

Requirement :
Enable 3D and ATI/nVidia Driver in XWindow

1. Check the WineHQ > Starcraft 2
https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=20882

2. Install Wine and Winetricks
Debian/Ubuntu : apt-get install winetricks wine-development

3. Run Winetricks and Install Visual C++ Redistributable Package 2015
Debian/Ubuntu : winetricks vcrun2015

4. Bypass Bug
Debian/Ubuntu : winecfg-development

Select Windows XP Mode

Add api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0

Add api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0
Add ucrtbase
Add vcruntime140

5. Download Battle.net
https://www.battle.net/download/getInstallerForGame?os=win&locale=enUS&version=LIVE&gameProgram=BATTLENET_APP

6. Install Battle.net , 20160730
Debian/Ubuntu : wine-development Battle.net-Setup.exe

MD5:
b322e19e0de5b1f2b04fad1d59c0cdfc  Battle.net-Setup.exe
SHA-512
656642f959ebd9048c6369c8ede00dd90ce044c95ff04ad3197a13682d1d0720b20212cdff23c128448d15a011903ba41948f75cbcdf35b86f3f8b18e1071a7d  Battle.net-Setup.exe

CentOS and RHEL go "yum install" with DVD images

1. Locate your DVD root directory .
ex. /media/CentOS* , /media/RHEL*

2. Create a symbolic link to /media/dvd_image
ln -s /media/CentOS /media/dvd_image

3. Edit /etc/yum.conf.d/dvd.repo , adding the following

[dvd]
name=dvd
baseurl=file:///media/dvd_image/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

4. Update yum database

yum update

5. Install packages needed

修 Flash 會爆音的 bug

關鍵字 : flash , 爆音 , 銳利聲 , Debian , Ubuntu , 64 位元
參考 : http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=64174

1. 抓 binary patch
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?msg=15;filename=memcpy-10.3.162.29.bsdiff;att=2;bug=620901

2. apt-get install bsdiff

3.bspatch /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/libflashplayer.so2 memcpy-10.3.162.29.bsdiff

4. mv /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/libflashplayer.so.old && mv /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/libflashplayer.so2 /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/libflashplayer.so

5. 重開瀏覽器

撐硬碟

這個是讓有點壞，又不會太壞的硬碟可以再撐一陣子的方法。
此方法適用於 Debian 類的系統 (Ubuntu/Mint/...fsck -fcyv /dev/sd[a-z]

reboot
sudo apt-get install debsums
sudo debsums_init
sudo debsums -q
# 剩下的根據 debsums 報告產生的損壞套件，進行 apt-get reinstall

如果是 Red Hat , 可以使用

rpm -Va

echofon 壞掉解決方法

裝回舊版 1.9.6.4

https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-TW/firefox/addon/5081/eula/88620

記得別更新...

更新： 1.9.7.3 運作正常...

fix dpkg invalid character warning

正常是不會碰到... 以下情形

warning, in file '/var/lib/dpkg/available' near line 88620 package 'virtualbox-3.1':
error in Version string '3.1.6-59338_Debian_lenny': invalid character in revision number
warning, in file '/var/lib/dpkg/available' near line 88642 package 'virtualbox-3.0':
error in Version string '3.0.12-54655_Debian_lenny': invalid character in revision number
warning, in file '/var/lib/dpkg/available' near line 91648 package 'virtualbox-2.2':
error in Version string '2.2.4-47978_Debian_lenny': invalid character in revision number
warning, in file '/var/lib/dpkg/available' near line 91759 package 'virtualbox-2.0':
error in Version string '2.0.6-39765_Debian_lenny': invalid character in revision number
warning, in file '/var/lib/dpkg/available' near line 91780 package 'virtualbox-2.1':
error in Version string '2.1.4-42893_Debian_lenny': invalid character in revision number

so
只要下 sudo dpkg --clear-avail
就解決該問題了...
but 看起來可能硬碟有點問題了

http://wiki.coscup.org/bof-2010#toc8 (金鑰交換活動, 8/14 7:30pm~ 在 COSCUP 會場)

Key Signing Party , 金鑰交換活動

Content / 內容 : meeting other PGP users and signing each other's keys. ( 簡單來說就是和人碰面交換金鑰以確定以後電腦收發的資料是同一個人 )
Time / 時間 : about 7:30 pm~
Location / 地點 : (not sure, check back ofter)
Require / 注意事項 :

1. Physical attendance / 要本人出席
2. Positive picture ID / 需要有照片的證件 ( Passport is good , but Chinese ID is only for local. / 建議帶護照, 中文證件只有本地人可以用)
3. Your Key ID, Key type, HEX fingerprint, and Key size / 請完整印紙本出有你 姓名 , 信箱 , 金鑰指紋 , 金鑰長度的小紙條或卡片
4. A pen/pencil or whatever you'd like to write with…. / 請帶一枝筆
5. NO Computer / 不要帶電腦, 請完全用紙本作業

Suggestions / 建議事項 :

1. Create key with RSA 4096 or higher / 建立一隻 RSA 4096 以上強度的金鑰
2. Create this key at Home or Hotel / 請在家裡住的地方產生金鑰
3. Your key should be the same name of the ID / 請注意你 key 上面名字的拼寫是否跟護照一樣
4. … (Please add your idea.)

Why do we have this party / 為何有這次活動 :

1. For future Debian Developer / 為了未來的新 Debian 開發者
2. Debian/Ubuntu Package sharing / 為了以後如果有包套件可以增加安全性
3. resource sharing / 資源共享 (free web service, mail service, network bandwidth, H-Game …)
4. … (Please add your idea.)

Read before you sign those keys / 在簽名前請先讀過一次 : ( I will read this for you in that day. / 當天會帶讀一次 )
http://www.pgp.net/pgpnet/pgp-faq/pgp-faq-key-signatures.html

請到 wiki 增加參加者資料

套件軟體 review

1. 大概 7/18 前後, 有人把套件相依性沒寫好, CVS 會自動幫你安裝, 所以應該不少人中這一個 bug (#499790) , 可以把 /srv/cvs 跟 group 裡面的 src 拿掉
2. 如果有裝 google-chrome-unstable 套件的話 (from google dev channel) , 可能會發現他幫你裝主程式在 /opt/google 目錄下
3. snd-aloop 好像最近從 kernel mainline 消失 (#577764) , 如果需要擷取喇叭輸出的話 , 需要自己動手編譯了
4. Team Speak 3 不錯用, 但是就是 non-free , 效率比 Skype 好 , 可以超過 10 人以上聊天 :D
5. JACK , 比較適合專業人士 , 設定複雜

pbuilder-uml 試用後感

感覺... 很難用，而且東西亂壞

1. iptables 跟 tap0 得自己開啟
2. UML 有事沒事卡在怪地方, 如果背景還有開其他吃 CPU 的服務, 就會掛很久
3. 弄到最後... 自己跑出 ccache , 但是我沒有裝阿
然後 pbuilder 自己用 choot 跑 chown -R 1234:1234 失敗, 就掛掉

整個無言... 還是先找其他方法

電視棒

這篇在說電視卡/棒的安裝，還有 justin.tv 跟 無線電視台 如何使用

目錄

• 1 清單
• 2 安裝
• 3 有線電視頻道表
• 4 使用
  • 4.1 舊版
  • 4.2 新版
  • 4.3 H.264
  • 4.4 DVB-T 電視台設定
  • 4.5 justin.tv
• 5 參考

Linux 軟體與架構

目錄

[隱藏] 1 安裝管理指南 2 核心 3 使用者介面 3.1 純文字 3.2 圖形介面 4 教學

安裝管理指南

類別	內容
套件管理工具	APT/DPKG (Debian) , RPM (Red Hat/MDK/OpenSuSE), Portage (Gentoo)
Debian 安裝指南	Debian 套件安裝流程, 64 位元安裝注意事項, 桌面環境設定, 系統還原, Debian Services
攜帶式裝置(Live CD/USB)	Debian Live 系統
嵌入式系統	Embedded Debian Project
自製系統	Linux From Scratch, 簡體中文翻譯
系統管理	管理

核心

類別	內容
OS	Linux Kernel
Bootloader	Grub, gPXE
技術：虛擬機器	VServer, Xen
技術：保護	SELinux, AppArmor, grsecurity, LIDS
技術：檔案系統	LVM2, ReiserFS, GlusterFS, MogileFS (Pixnet)
技術：除錯	Crash (Kernel Crash Dumper/Live Tester), GDB, lm-sensors (溫度、風扇速度顯示), ttyrpld (tty key and screen logger)
硬體	網路攝影機, DVB, 電視棒, 視訊轉換卡, 3D加速卡, smartd (硬碟)
節能	powertop
Network	ipv6

使用者介面

純 文字

類別	內容
Shell	Bash, SSH, MC (半圖形化控制界面)
編譯器及工具	distcc, gcc, cmake (cross platform make), make/autotools (編譯與設定工具)
除錯	gdb
編輯器	nano, vim
系統	preload(程式預載加速工具), blktrace (block trace), addrescue (系統還原)
Framework	Parrot VM
語音	eGuideDog
終端機	Screen, dvtm
傳真軟體	efax (圖形界面 efax-gtk), 圖形版 gfax
信件	mutt, newsbuter (RSS)
網路：管理	OpenLDAP(權 限帳號管理), vnStat(每日流量分析), iftop(即時流量分析), sysstat (即時硬體狀態)
網路：分析	mtr(連線品質檢查)
網路：Web	Web
網路：檔案傳輸	FTP, RSync, NFS
網路：域名管理	DNS
網路：IRC client	Irssi
網路：校時	NTP
網路：VPN	n2n (Peer-to-Peer VPN network daemon)
網路：資料庫	Couchdb
網路：MailServer	Exim4 (stmp with gmail at Debian Wiki), Postfix
多媒體：轉檔	Mutimedia

圖形介面

類別	內容
TIP	小工具
字型	中文系統調整
輸入法	SCIM, GCIN
滑鼠工具	wayV (滑鼠手勢), Synergy (跨電腦鼠鍵共用)
套裝系統	Gnome, KDE, LXDE, gnome-office, koffice, openoffice
桌面裝飾軟體	Compiz fusion (3D 動態桌面), Screenlets (桌面裝飾), gDesklets(桌面裝飾), Cairo-Dock (類似 Mac 的工具列), Gnome-GO (快捷工具)
系統：光碟工具	AcetoneISO (debian sid), K3B
系統：分割區操作	GParted (parted 圖形界面版)
多媒體：播放軟體	mplayer, totem, osd-lyrics(歌 曲字幕), ffmpeg (格式轉換 from mplayer), gstreamer (多媒體串流框架), VLC, xmms2, lxmusic
多媒體：錄音軟體	Jokosher
多媒體：剪接編輯軟體	kdenlive (非線性影像編輯軟體), Avidemux, kino, Jahshaka
多媒體：桌面錄製軟體	XVidCap, VLC (支援)
多媒體：繪圖軟體	Gimp, Inkscape(向量繪圖), Asymptote(專 業科學繪圖軟體)
多媒體：看圖	Comix (看漫畫用)
網路：連線工具	wicd, blueman(藍牙管理裝置)
網路：瀏覽器	Firefox/Iceweasel, jDownloader (特殊網站自動下載軟體, "java -jar jdupdate.jar -branch NIGHTLY" 即時版), Midori
網路：即時通訊	XChat (IRC 連線軟體, 支援中文暱稱), Pidgen (支援多種即時通訊軟體), aMSN (MSN, 支援語音影像繪圖), emesene (MSN)
網路：P2P軟體	aMule (eMule), Azureus (BT)
網路：終端機	PCManX (BBS 連線軟體), Terminator (多視窗終端機)
網路：遠端桌面	遠端桌面, ITALC (教學管理系統)
網路：管理	FwBuilder (防火牆管控工具), gkrellm (即時監控)
遊戲	Free Orion, oolite (3D 太空模擬飛行軟體), Performous , StepMania (跳舞機), catan (卡坦島), Foldit (3D 分子拼圖遊戲), Hiverise (即時戰略), Auteria (MMORPG), The Battle for Wesnoth (簡稱 Wesnoth , 回合制的戰旗遊戲), Spring (橫掃千軍社群版), Ryzom (MMORPG)
教育	geogebra (動態數學教育軟體，含幾何、代數和微積分演示軟體)
科學工程：運算軟體	Maxima/SAGE (Mathmatica 類), Octave/RlabPlus (MATLAB 類), gnuplot/Asymptote (數學用繪圖軟體), qtiplot (類似 Origin 的工具)
科學工程：電子電機	EAGLE, gEDA (電路製作軟體), IVI (graphical front-end for various simulators), QCad, BRL-CAD, Open CASCADE (含數值模擬運算), FreeCAD, VARKON, Electric (電路製作軟體)
文書處理：編輯軟體	Lyx (支援 Latex, 方程式輸入), lilypond (樂譜軟體), mscore (樂譜軟體), Dia (流程圖繪製軟體), OpenOffice (套裝軟體)
文書處理：瀏覽程式	Adobe Reader (PDF)
文書處理：統計	HomeBank (家計軟體)
程式開發：工具軟體	gedit, Meld (版本比較軟體), upx-ucl (壓縮工具), ghex (二進制文書編輯器), Qt 4
系統工具：虛擬環境	Java, MARS (MIPS 模擬器), qemu, Virutal Box, wine [1]/winetricks(幫助安裝的小工具), Dosbox (模擬舊系統)
系統工具：備份還原	BackupInTime (備份)

教學

• HowtoForge
• Debian Administration
• Linux 命令行技巧

OpenSimulator 新解

OpenSimulator

出自TWEmu.no-ip.org

OpenSimulator

目錄

[隱藏]

• 1 安裝
  • 1.1 簡易單機版
• 2 伺服器安裝
  • 2.1 Debian
• 3 註冊
• 4 系統設定參考
  • 4.1 升級
• 5 Test Region
  • 5.1 Scripts
• 6 設計
• 7 Chan
• 8 教學
• 9 參考
• 10 備註

下載 http://sites.google.com/site/dreamerwolftw/opensimulator.pdf

DPKG

Dpkg 為 Debian Package 的縮寫，大部分基於 Debian 的系統都支援。例如: Ubuntu, Xandros(EeePC), Knoppix, B2D ...

如果你考慮在其他系統上做編譯，為何不考慮放到 Debian 上，讓其他可以用？

本文章主要教你如何編譯你的套件，以便日後更新。

目錄

• 1 編譯環境基本需求
• 2 進入官方套件需求
• 3 環境設定
  • 3.1 下載原始碼
    • 3.1.1 解壓原始碼
  • 3.2 Debian化
    • 3.2.1 dh_make
  • 3.3 Debian 化設定
    • 3.3.1 版本號
      • 3.3.1.1 Changelog
    • 3.3.2 Rules
      • 3.3.2.1 Quilt
      • 3.3.2.2 Dpatch
      • 3.3.2.3 cdbs
• 4 編譯
• 5 測試及套件管理
  • 5.1 尋找支持者
• 6 上傳
  • 6.1 清理環境
• 7 套件內容
  • 7.1 安裝檔
  • 7.2 原始碼
• 8 Pbuilder
  • 8.1 加速方法
  • 8.2 初始化
  • 8.3 使用
• 9 Debian Policy
• 10 參考
• 11 Bug 管理

下載 http://sites.google.com/site/dreamerwolftw/dpkg.pdf

Linux 的安裝與電腦硬體的配合

本篇文主要是探討如何選購可以有效安裝 Debian 或 Ubuntu 系統做為桌面使用，而非伺服器導向而討論。一般對電腦上的硬體識別是透過系統呼叫來取得基本資料，但是一般而言外包裝是無法看到。因此會建議攜帶一片 Live CD (類似 WinPE) 的系統，來取得相關硬體的資料。

IA32 & AMD64 的分別：
IA32 - 普通被稱為 i386 ， 只要不是舊版蘋果的 CPU 都均可使用。
AMD64 - 簡稱 x64 ， 支援 64 位元版 Windows ，最近一兩年電腦有部份是。

a.對 Ubuntu 而言，可以到以下網站抓取
http://mirror.nttu.edu.tw/ubuntu-releases/lucid/
取得 Desktop CD
就直接可以進行安裝了


b.對 Debian 的話，可以到此下載
http://mirror.nttu.edu.tw/debian-cd/5.0.3-live/i386/iso-cd/debian-live-503-i386-gnome-desktop.iso
取得 Gnome 環境的 Live CD
來進行相容性測試

(安裝請取用
http://mirror.nttu.edu.tw/debian-cd/5.0.4/multi-arch/iso-cd/debian-504-amd64-i386-powerpc-netinst.iso
來安裝)

這時如果有成功跑完系統環境的初始化，還沒進入圖形界面。
代表你的系統已經通過基本測試，主機板、處理器這兩樣是成功。
普通比較有問題的是金三角中的顯示卡，
如果你是 nvidia 可以參考
http://www.nvidia.com/page/legacy.html (比較老舊的版本)
http://www.nvidia.com.tw/object/unix_tw.html (點選 IA32 或 AMD64 的 195 以後的版本，進去查看產品支援清單)

ATI 請參考
http://support.amd.com/us/Pages/AMDSupportHub.aspx (進去之後找 Linux 版驅動程式下載，裡面有 release note 的 pdf 文件檔，前幾頁會跟你說他有支援哪些硬體)

Intel 基本上已經跟系統底層整合好了，只要搜尋晶片就可以自動幫你裝好。

其他有關數據機、無線網路卡的可以透過
http://kmuto.jp/debian/hcl/ 或 http://www.ubuntuhcl.org/ (在終端機模式下鍵入 lspci 然後將資料貼到該網頁可以得知是否支援) ，也可以上網搜尋，透過 晶片組型號 跟 Debian 這一類關鍵字來找到別人的使用經驗，大致上是如此。

或是至以下網站和網友互動
http://www.ubuntu-tw.org/
http://moto.debian.org.tw/
記得請附上硬體的型號 (晶片組型號) 以便別人幫助。

Wiki 資料整理

終於有短暫時間可以休息，好讓我把資料清出來...
大概會一連 10 天把東西整理出來，裡面包括很多雜七雜八的東西。